Obviously being a first timer to the job scene in Japan, I’m no expert on the matter. I will however, give you a few links and advice on how you can find a teaching job in Japan. Since I don’t know much about non-teaching jobs I’m not of much help in this sense, nor will I pretend to be.
I’ve been asked by several people about how one applies for a visa for Japan, but to the best of my knowledge this is “putting the cart in front of the horse” as one needs to secure a job from an employer, who will assist you with obtaining a visa. Japan’s a smart country in the sense that it seems as though only those holding a bachelor’s degree can get a Visa for a teaching job (possibly for all jobs?), unless you’re the dependent of a spouse/parent whose working in Japan or you’re married to a Japanese person. There’s seven different types of visas, as an assistant language teacher via the JET Program I was told to apply for the Specialist in Humanities/International Services. Your employer should tell you what type of visa to apply for and it should be fairly obvious which one to apply for. For visa information, I recommend going straight to the source at http://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/english/html/travel_and_visa/visa/index.htm, and/or contacting your local embassy.
After talking with people interested in working in Japan, it seems as though the consensus is that obtaining a visa is really difficult, that there’s lots of paperwork, etc., but from my experience it was the complete opposite. Applying for the JET program, I had to fill out a 20+ page document, letter’s of recommendation, transcripts, proof of graduation, proof of study abroad, etc., be screened, interviewed, submit health forms, an FBI fingerprint check, IRS forms, etc. all of which were probably more tedious than the one page, one passport photo visa documentation. (And remember, you must have your passport first) The visa application was a walk in the park after everything else I’ve had to gather for JET, the only hard part was mailing off my actual passport to the embassy, which I was reluctant up to the point I was close to missing the deadline when I finally sent it via next day delivery.
Anyway, here’s a few places you can find Assistant Language Teacher (ALT) and English teaching jobs in Japan that have been recommended to me and that I’ve found useful. There’s many other sites of course, just Google it. For most jobs, you need to be a native English speaker with a bachelor’s degree. Some require a teacher license but not all. Any ALT job should not require a teacher license because you are not the main teacher in the classroom.
JET Programme [link] or JET Program USA [link] The ALT program for Japan. They also hire Coordinators of International Relations (CIRs) and Sports experts (SEAs). You can reapply for your job as many as five years.
Dave’s ESL cafe. [link] This place has tons of TEACHING jobs (not ALT unless specified) all over the world. For Japan, look under the “International job forum” where you’ll unfortunately have to weed through all the other job posts. There’s a separate Korea and China forum because of their high demand for teachers. Most jobs will be for English cram schools that students go to after their regular school is over, but actual schools, colleges, and universities will post jobs too. There’s usually a lot less paperwork involved than JET, but be cautious and ask lots of questions when job hunting at cram schools because your hours might be weird (late nights/weekends), you probably won’t have the same perks as JET (won’t pay for plane ticket), and in some situations, you might not be treated as well. Try to get the phone numbers/email address of other English teachers and get their feedback and make sure your contract spells everything out.
Japan Iterac [link] For ALT jobs in Japan
Altia Central [link] For ALT jobs in Japan
(These two groups claim to provide better ALTs than JET. In some cases they might be right, but I personally, through my non-gaijin-esque actions in Japan hope to prove them wrong.)
EPIK Program. [link] ALT jobs in South Korea. It’s not Japan, but Korea is an awesome place too and I was going to apply here if JET fell through.
The Japan Times and other Japanese newspapers in English have classified ads for all types of jobs in Japan. There are also other job boards online, just Google it. As long as you’ve got an employer, you’ll be able to get a visa and begin work. Whether you’re studying or living abroad, it is a life changing experience and I recommend everyone with an open mind and heart to experience going abroad. (And of course, if you’re just visiting the country, you don’t need a visa nor any of the info I just posted)